介绍

Caddy是一个新兴的Web服务器程序，它支持HTTP / 2和自动HTTPS。考虑到易用性和安全性，Caddy可用于通过单个配置文件快速部署支持HTTPS的站点。

先决条件

第一步：安装球童的最新稳定版本

在Linux，Mac或BSD操作系统上，使用以下命令安装Caddy最新稳定的系统特定版本：

curl https://getcaddy.com | bash

出现提示时，输入您的sudo密码以完成安装。

Caddy二进制文件将被安装到该/usr/local/bin目录。使用以下命令确认：

which caddy

输出应该是：

/usr/local/bin/caddy

为了安全起见，切勿以root身份运行Caddy二进制文件。为了让Caddy能够以非root用户的身份绑定到特权端口（例如80,443），您需要setcap按如下所示运行该命令：

sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' /usr/local/bin/caddy

第2步：配置球童

创建一个专门的系统用户：caddy 和一组同名的Caddy：

sudo useradd -r -d /var/www -M -s /sbin/nologin caddy

注意：*此处创建*的用户caddy只能用于管理Caddy服务，不能用于登录。

/var/www为Caddy Web服务器创建主目录，并/var/www/example.com为您的站点创建主目录：

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com
sudo chown -R caddy:caddy /var/www

创建一个目录来存储SSL证书：

sudo mkdir /etc/ssl/caddy
sudo chown -R caddy:root /etc/ssl/caddy
sudo chmod 0770 /etc/ssl/caddy

创建专用目录来存储Caddy配置文件Caddyfile：

sudo mkdir /etc/caddy
sudo chown -R root:caddy /etc/caddy

创建名为的Caddy配置文件Caddyfile：

sudo touch /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
sudo chown caddy:caddy /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
sudo chmod 444 /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
cat <<EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
example.com {
    root /var/www/example.com
    gzip
    tls admin@example.com
}
EOF

注意：*上面创建*的Caddyfile文件只是运行静态网站的基本配置。您可以在这里了解更多关于如何编写Caddyfile的信息。

为了方便Caddy的操作，您可以systemd为Caddy 设置一个单元文件，然后用它systemd来管理Caddy。

使用vi编辑器创建Caddy systemd单元文件：

sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/caddy.service

填充文件：

[Unit]
Description=Caddy HTTP/2 web server
Documentation=https://caddyserver.com/docs
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target systemd-networkd-wait-online.service

[Service]
Restart=on-abnormal

; User and group the process will run as.
User=caddy
Group=caddy

; Letsencrypt-issued certificates will be written to this directory.
Environment=CADDYPATH=/etc/ssl/caddy

; Always set "-root" to something safe in case it gets forgotten in the Caddyfile.
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/caddy -log stdout -agree=true -conf=/etc/caddy/Caddyfile -root=/var/tmp
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR1 $MAINPID

; Use graceful shutdown with a reasonable timeout
KillMode=mixed
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5s

; Limit the number of file descriptors; see `man systemd.exec` for more limit settings.
LimitNOFILE=1048576
; Unmodified caddy is not expected to use more than that.
LimitNPROC=512

; Use private /tmp and /var/tmp, which are discarded after caddy stops.
PrivateTmp=true
; Use a minimal /dev
PrivateDevices=true
; Hide /home, /root, and /run/user. Nobody will steal your SSH-keys.
ProtectHome=true
; Make /usr, /boot, /etc and possibly some more folders read-only.
ProtectSystem=full
; … except /etc/ssl/caddy, because we want Letsencrypt-certificates there.
;   This merely retains r/w access rights, it does not add any new. Must still be writable on the host!
ReadWriteDirectories=/etc/ssl/caddy

; The following additional security directives only work with systemd v229 or later.
; They further retrict privileges that can be gained by caddy. Uncomment if you like.
; Note that you may have to add capabilities required by any plugins in use.
;CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
;AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
;NoNewPrivileges=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

保存并退出：

:wq!

启动Caddy服务并使其在系统引导时自动启动：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start caddy.service
sudo systemctl enable caddy.service

第3步：修改防火墙规则

为了允许访问者访问您的球童网站，您需要打开端口80和443：

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http 
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

第4步：为您的网站创建一个测试页面

使用以下命令index.html在您的Caddy网站主目录中创建一个名为的文件：

echo '<h1>Hello World!</h1>' | sudo tee /var/www/example.com/index.html

重新启动Caddy服务以加载新内容：

sudo systemctl restart caddy.service

最后，将您的网页浏览器指向http://example.com或https://example.com。您应该看到Hello World!预期的消息。